Does naloxone prevent seizure in tramadol intoxicated patients?

Tramadol poisoning has increased in recent years. Seizure is one of the side-effects of tramadol toxicity. There is a controversy about possible preventive effect of naloxone in tramadol poisoning induced seizure. Therefore, this study was performed to compare seizure incidence in tramadol poisoning patients who received and did not receive naloxone, as an opioid antagonist. This study involved prospective data collection followed by retrospective analysis on 104 tramadol poisoning patients who were admitted in a referral poisoning center. The incidences of seizure were compared between patients received naloxone and those did not. Outcome was considered as survived without or with complications and death. Logistic Regression analysis was used to determine the effects of different variables on seizure incidence. 70 [67.3%] of the patients were men. The mean age of the patients was 26.3 +/- 9 years old. 18.3% of the patients received naloxone in their treatment period. Seizure incidence was significantly higher among tramadol poisoning patients who did not receive naloxone compare with those received naloxone [14.1% vs. 5.1%]. Among different variable studied, age had a significant effect on predicting of seizure [odds ratio = 2.09; 95% of confidence interval: 1.82-2.26; P value, 0.004]. Although the seizure incidence was lower in patients with tramadol poisoning who received naloxone, the logistic regression did not support the preventive effect of naloxone on seizure in tramadol poisoning cases

Tooth brushing and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Is there an association? The CASPIAN-III study

A growing body of evidence supports an association between oral health and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth brushing frequency and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. This nationwide population-based study was conducted among 5258 Iranian students, aged 10-18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 27 provinces in Iran. The association of tooth brushing frequency was assessed with anthropometric indexes and cardiometabolic risk factors after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher frequency of tooth brushing was associated with lower mean levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] in both genders [P < 0.0001] and lower frequency of elevated LDL-C in girls [P = 0.03]. The frequency of elevated blood pressure decreased with higher tooth brushing frequency in boys [P = 0.03]. After adjustment for many potential cofounders such as age, gender, anthropometric indexes, screen time, socioeconomic status, and family history of non-communicable diseases, participants who washed their teeth at least once a day had lower risk of high LDL-C and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] levels in comparison to those who reported lower frequency of tooth brushing; some different associations were observed among girls and boys. Our findings suggest an independent and protective role of teeth brushing frequency for some cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Increasing both the general health awareness and improving oral health should be considered in primordial and primary prevention of non-communicable diseases

Association of cell blood counts and cardiometabolic risk factors among young obese children

To determine the association of cell blood count with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 st November 2007 to 1 st October 2008 in the Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Research Clinic of the Preventive Pediatric Cardiology Department, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran. It comprised 326 [172 girls and 154 boys] obese children aged 6-12 years. The mean age of participants was 8.8 +/- 2.7 years. A significant increasing trend in the mean body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], triglycerides [TG], total- and low density lipoprotein [LDL]- cholesterol were documented across the quartiles of the white blood cell [WBC]count, and for waist-to-hip ratio and total cholesterol across platelet quartiles. A similar increasing trend was documented for BMI, waist and hip circumference, diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C, and for TG from the second to the fourth quartile of the red blood cells. By the increase in the number of components of metabolic syndrome, the mean BMI, WBC, and TG increased significantly. The highest correlation was documented between WBC count and TG. The WBC count increased the risk of increased BMI [odds ratio [OR]=1.45, confidence interval [CI] 95%; 1.11-1.65, p=0.001], increased WC [OR; 1.47, CI 95%; 1.15-1.74, p=0.001], and high TG [CI 95%; 1.241.06-1.44,p=0.005]. We found significant associations between CBC components and cardiometabolic risk factors in young obese children. The findings are confirmatory evidence of the pro-inflammatory state of obese individuals, even in young children

national experience on physical activity initiatives for adolescent girls and their mothers: CASPIAN study

To provide a low- cost and simple model of culturally-appropriate and low cost facilities for improvement of physical activity for girls and their mothers through an after-school program and to determine the changes in anthropometric indexes after this trial. This national study was conducted in 2006-2007 in 7 provinces with different socioeconomic situations in Iran. Female students who studied in the 7[th] through 10[th] grade and their mothers were selected by random cluster sampling. In each province, 24 sessions of after-school aerobic physical activity were held for 90 minutes, two days a week, and 3 months long at school sites in the afternoon. The study comprised 410 participants [204 mothers and 206 daughters], with a mean age of 15.86 +/- 1.01 and 40.71 +/- 6.3 years in girls and their mothers, respectively. The results of the focus group discussions showed that in general, both mothers and daughters of generalized and abdominal obesity improved significantly both in girls and in their mothers [P-value <0.0001 for weight, body mass index and waist circumference]. Our findings may provide a low-cost and simple effective model of motivation for physical activity with targeted interventions for girls and their mothers. We suggest that the success of this trial might be a result of bonding and accompaniment of mothers and daughters. Such model can be integrated in the existing health and education systems to increase the physical activity level